APPENDIX 1
Technical Abbreviations
The following table lists some technical terms and abbreviations used in pesticide science. A more comprehensive list is given in “Understanding the Acronyms” in the DROPDATA download section.
| ADI | Acceptable Daily Intake |
|---|---|
| AI | active ingredient(s): CropLife/FAO convention: also “active substance” |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| AOEC | Acceptable Operator Exposure Concentration |
| AOEL | Acceptable Operator Exposure Level |
| ARfD | acute reference dose |
| c | centi-(x 10-2) – as in centimetre (cm) Note: this is not an SI unit |
| CDA | controlled droplet application |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CMR | substances that are carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction |
| CXL | Codex Maximum Residue Limit (Codex MRL) |
| DT50 | period required for 50 percent dissipation (define method of estimation) |
| ED | Endocrine disruptor (~ion) ; previously used for electro-hydro-dynamic spraying |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (of USA and elsewhere) |
| g | gram |
| GAP | Good Agricultural Practice(s) |
| GMP | Good Manufacturing Practice(s) |
| GWP | Good Warehouse Practice(s) |
| GLC | gas liquid chromatography |
| GLP | good laboratory practice |
| GMO | genetically modified organism |
| GSP | good storage practice |
| ha | hectare (104 m2) |
| HACCP | Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Originally for arms manufacture, later food processing – now extended to the whole supply chain and other production) |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography (sometimes high pressure ~) |
| HV | high volume |
| IPM | integrated pest management |
| IRM | insecticide resistance management |
| JMPR | Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (Codex Alimentarius) |
| k | kilo (103) thus Kg – kilogram |
| Koc | organic carbon adsorption coefficient |
| KOH | hydroxyl radical rate constant |
| Kom | organic matter adsorption coefficient |
| KOW | octanol water partition coefficient |
| L | Litre |
| LC50 | lethal concentration, median |
| LD50 | median lethal dose; dosis letalis media |
| LOAEL | lowest observable adverse effect level |
| LOD | limit of determination – has also been used for “limit of detection” (see LOQ) |
| LOEC | lowest observable effect concentration |
| LOEL | lowest observable effect level |
| LOQ | Limit of Quantification: LOQ is now preferred over LOD by JMPR |
| LV | low volume |
| μg | microgram (10-6 g) |
| μm | micrometer (micron) |
| m | metre, milli~ (10-3) |
| M | molar (g. molecular weight), mega~ (106) |
| MC | moisture content |
| mg | milligram |
| mL | millilitre |
| MLD | minimum lethal dose |
| MLT | median lethal time |
| mm | millimetre |
| mM | milimolar |
| MoA | mode of action |
| mol | mole (usu. G molecular weight) |
| MRL | maximum residue level |
| MSDS | material safety data sheet |
| nd | not detected |
| NEDI | national estimated daily intake |
| NEL | no effect level |
| ng | nanogram |
| NOAEC | no observed adverse effect concentration |
| NOAEL | no observed adverse effect level |
| NOED | no observed effect dose |
| NOEL | no observed effect level |
| OP | organophosphorous pesticide |
| p | pico~ (10-12) |
| Pa | pascal (1 bar = 100 kPa) |
| PBT | persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic chemicals |
| pH | pH-value (≈ -log10{[H+]/[1 M/L]}) |
| PHI | pre-harvest interval |
| PIC | prior informed consent |
| po | by mouth (per os) |
| POP | persistent organic pollutants |
| Pow | partition coefficient between n-octanol and water |
| ppb | parts per billion (10-9) |
| PPE | personal protective equipment |
| ppm | parts per million (10-6) |
| QPS | quarantine pre-shipment (fumigation) |
| QSAR | quantitative structure-activity relationship |
| RfD | reference dose |
| RH | relative humidity |
| RPU | Responsible (or rational) pesticide use |
| SAS | Self-Assessment System (EDES) |
| SI | Système International – International standard units for measurement |
| SOP | standard operating procedures |
| sp | species (only after a generic name) |
| TLC | thin layer chromatography |
| TMDI | theoretical maximum daily intake |
| tMRL | temporary maximum residue limit |
| ULV | ultra low volume |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| VAR | volume application rate |
| VMD | volume median diameter or D[v,0.5], measured in μm. |
| vp | vapour pressure (in mPa) |
| vPvB | very persistent, very bioaccumulative |
| < | less than |
| ≤ | less than or equal to |
| > | greater than |
| ≥ | greater than or equal to |
| °C | degree Celsius (centigrade) |
